Garry Kasparov Wikipedia

In particular, he was denied access to Deep Blue’s recent games, in contrast to the computer’s team, which could study hundreds of Kasparov’s. The second was played in New York City in May 1997 and won by Deep Blue (3½–2½). By the July 1999 and January 2000 FIDE rating lists, Kasparov had reached a 2851 Elo rating, at that time the highest rating ever achieved. At the time of his retirement, he was still ranked No. 1 in the world, with a rating of 2812. Another well-known case of winning an important game thanks to a novelty in the opening is Kasparov’s 10th game of the 1995 match against Anand.
With the exception of the PCA period and sharing first place with Kramnik in 1996, Kasparov led the rating list from 1985 to 2006 – a total of 255 months. In 1999, Kasparov reached an Elo rating of 2851, a record that stood for over thirteen years, until Carlsen achieved 2861 in January 2013. Between 1981 and 1991, he won or tied for first place in every tournament he entered. He represented the Soviet Union four times and Russia four times, following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. He finished eighth in a strong field of ten, including Nakamura, Caruana, former world champion Anand and the eventual winner, Levon Aronian. Kasparov participated in the inaugural St. Louis Rapid and Blitz tournament from 14 to 19 August 2017, scoring 3.5/9 in the rapid and 9/18 in the blitz, representing Croatia.
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• In November 1986, Kasparov had created the Grandmasters Association (GMA) to represent professional players and give them more say in FIDE’s activities.
• Alexei Shirov and Kramnik played a candidates match to decide the challenger, which Shirov won in an upset.
• Kasparov received a Chess Oscar eleven times as the best chess player of the year, in 1982–1983, 1985–1988, 1995–1996, 1999, and 2001–2002.
• Kasparov and Short were ejected from FIDE and played their well-sponsored match in London in September 1993.
• In 1997, he was awarded the title of “honorary citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina” for his support of Bosnian people during the Bosnian War.
• It may have errors, and is provided on an “as is” basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness.

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Kasparov successfully used this opening, which was considered outdated, in the 1990 match against Karpov and in matches with Short and Anand. Kasparov was known for his extensive opening preparation and aggressive play in it. The rivalry between Kasparov and Karpov (often referred to as the “two Ks”) is one of the greatest in the history of chess.
He also played in the blitz section of the Grand Chess Tour 2021 event in Zagreb, Croatia. He launched Kasparov Chess, a subscription-based online chess community featuring documentaries, lessons, puzzles, podcasts, articles, interviews and playing zones, in 2021. Kasparov promised that any tournament money he earned would go towards charities to promote chess in Africa.

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Kasparov defended his PCA title in a 1995 match against Viswanathan Anand at the World Trade Center in New York City. The match considerably raised the profile of chess in the UK, with a substantial level of coverage on Channel 4. A long, tense game ensued, in which Karpov blundered away a pawn just before the first time control. A fourth match for the world title took place in 1987 in Seville, as Karpov had qualified through the Candidates’ Matches to become the official challenger once again. He was 22 years old at the time, making him the youngest-ever world champion, a record held by Mikhail Tal for over 20 years. Karpov, with White, needed to win the 24th game to retain the title but Kasparov won it with the Sicilian Defence.
He finished the tournament third with 9.5/18, behind Nakamura (11/18) and So (10/18). The first of several training sessions was held in New York just before Nakamura participated in the Tata Steel Chess tournament in Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands. Under Kasparov’s tutelage, in October 2009 Carlsen became the youngest ever to achieve a FIDE rating higher than 2800, and he rose from world number four to world number one. In its place, there were plans for a match against Rustam Kasimdzhanov, winner of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, to be held in January 2005 in the United Arab Emirates. But this match was called off after Ponomariov refused to sign his contract for it without reservation.

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• In early 1978, Kasparov participated in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk.
• In April 1994, Intel acted as a sponsor for the first Professional Chess Association Grand Prix event in Moscow, played at a time control of twenty-five minutes per game.
• With the exception of the PCA period and sharing first place with Kramnik in 1996, Kasparov led the rating list from 1985 to 2006 – a total of 255 months.
• In December 2004, Kasparov released volume four, which covers Samuel Reshevsky, Miguel Najdorf and Bent Larsen (none of whom was world champion), but focuses on Fischer.
• The Complaints Team intervened after the player reported delays despite all documents being verified and a lack of communication from the casino’s finance department.
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• In its place, there were plans for a match against Rustam Kasimdzhanov, winner of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, to be held in January 2005 in the United Arab Emirates.

When Kasparov was 11, Botvinnik wrote, “The future of chess lies in the hands of this young man.” Makogonov helped develop Kasparov’s positional skills and taught him to play the Caro–Kann Defence and the Tartakower System of the Queen’s Gambit Declined. Since retiring from chess, Kasparov has devoted his time to writing and politics. His peak FIDE chess rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013.
Kasparov’s first international tournament was in Banja Luka, Yugoslavia, in April 1979 while he was still unrated. In early 1978, Kasparov participated in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk. From age seven, he attended the Young Pioneer Palace in Baku and, at ten, began training at Mikhail Botvinnik’s chess school under coach Vladimir Makogonov. Kasparov began the serious study of chess after he came across a problem set up by his parents and proposed a solution. Kasparov coached Carlsen in 2009–2010, during which time Carlsen rose to world No. 1. He continued to hold the “Classical” world title until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000.
He earned a place in the 1982 Moscow Interzonal tournament, which he won, to qualify for the Candidates Tournament. His first win in a superclass-level international tournament was scored at Bugojno, Yugoslavia, in 1982. As a teenager, Kasparov shared the USSR Chess Championship in 1981 with Lev Psakhis (12.5/17), although Psakhis won their game.

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In 2020, he participated in 9LX, a Chess960 tournament, and finished eighth of a field of ten players. Kasparov played and won all nineteen games of a simultaneous exhibition in Pula, Croatia on 19 August 2015. The pair played a 12-game match from 21 to 24 September 2009, in Valencia, Spain. After losing the title, Kasparov won a series of major tournaments and remained the top-rated player in the world, ahead of both Kramnik and the FIDE World Champion. Subsequently, the PCA created a rating list of its own, which featured all the world’s top players regardless of their relation to FIDE. GMA’s major achievement was in organising a series of six World Cup tournaments for the world’s top players.
On 2 June 2016, Kasparov played against fifteen chess players in a simultaneous exhibition in the Kaiser-Friedrich-Halle de of Mönchengladbach. The second was a longer match consisting of eight blitz games played on 9 October, against English grandmaster Short. Kasparov and Karpov played a four-game match with rapid time controls over two days in December 2002 in New York City.
On 22 August 2006, in his first public chess games since his retirement, Kasparov played in the Lichthof Chess Champions Tournament, a blitz event played at the time control of five minutes per side and three-second increments per move. The second Karpov–Kasparov match in 1985 was organised in Moscow as the best of 24 games, where the first player to win 12½ points would claim the title. Kasparov played in a pair of six-game chess matches with IBM supercomputer Deep Blue. That same year, Kasparov played against thirty-two chess computers in Hamburg, winning all games. His only failure in this time period in either tournament or match play was the 1984 world title match against Karpov.
It consisted of four rapid (or semi rapid) games, in which Kasparov won 3–1, and eight blitz games, in which Kasparov won 6–2, winning the match with a final result of 9–3. Kasparov said he might play in some rapid chess events for fun, but he intended to spend more time on his books, including the My Great Predecessors series, and work on the links between decision-making in chess and other areas of life. When winning the Russian championship in 2004, he commented that it had been the last major title he had never won outright. After winning the prestigious Linares tournament for the ninth time, Kasparov announced on 10 March 2005 that he would retire from regular competitive chess. As black, Kasparov lost two (games 2 and 10), meaning Kramnik won the match 8½–6½, and Kramnik succeeded Kasparov as the Classical World Champion.citation needed Alexei Shirov and Kramnik played a candidates match to decide the challenger, which Shirov won in an upset.